Karfe na musamman, wato karfe na musamman, shine nau'in karfe mafi mahimmanci da ake amfani da shi a yawancin masana'antu na tattalin arzikin kasa, kamar injiniyoyi, motoci, masana'antar soji, sinadarai, kayan amfanin gida, jiragen ruwa, sufuri, layin dogo da masana'antu masu tasowa.Ƙarfe na musamman alama ce mai mahimmanci don auna ko ƙasa za ta iya zama tashar wutar lantarki.
Ƙarfe na musamman yana nufin wasu sassa waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman kuma suna da buƙatu na musamman don ƙarfe, kamar na jiki, sinadarai, inji da sauran kaddarorin.
Ƙarfe na aiki na musamman ma na musamman ne na musamman na gami.Wadannan karafa suna nufin karafa tare da ayyuka da ayyuka na lantarki, na gani, acoustic, thermal da electrochemical.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune bakin karfe, karfe mai tsayayyar zafi, karfe silicon na lantarki, ƙarfe mai tsabta na lantarki da madaidaicin gami daban-daban (gami mai laushi mai laushi, irin su Magnetic alloys, alloys na roba, gami da fadada gami, gami biyu na thermal, gami da juriya, kayan batir na farko, da sauransu). .)..
Bakin karfe suna suna don kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, kuma manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar sa sune chromium da nickel.Chromium yana da babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai kuma yana iya samar da fim mai yawa da tauri mai tsauri a cikin matsakaicin oxidizing;Bugu da kari, lokacin da abun ciki na chromium ya wuce 11.7%, ƙarfin lantarki na gami zai iya ƙaruwa sosai, ta yadda zai hana ƙarin iskar shaka na gami.Nickel kuma mai gudanarwa ne.Bugu da kari na nickel zuwa chromium karfe iya inganta lalata juriya na gami a cikin wadanda ba oxidizing kafofin watsa labarai.Lokacin da abun ciki na chromium da nickel ya kasance akai-akai, ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin carbon a cikin karfe, mafi kyawun juriya na lalata.
Juriya na lalata na bakin karfe kuma yana da alaƙa da daidaituwar tsarin matrix.Lokacin da aka samar da ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfi na gami, za a iya rage yawan lalata na ƙarfe a cikin lantarki da kyau.
Austenitic bakin karfe jerin bakin karfe ne na chromium-nickel tare da tsarin austenitic guda daya.Yana yana da kyau lalata juriya, low zafin jiki taurin, matsa lamba aiki da waldi processability, wadanda ba Magnetic, kuma ana amfani da ko'ina a matsayin low zafin jiki karfe da low zafin jiki karfe aiki a cikin m kafofin watsa labarai.Karfe mara magnetic;bakin karfe na ferritic galibi yana ƙunshe da chromium, wanda ke yin sauye-sauyen lokaci yayin dumama da sanyaya, kuma abu ne da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar nitric acid da takin zamani;Martensitic bakin karfe yana da babban abun ciki na carbon kuma mai kyau hardenability.Ana samun tsarin martensitic.Wannan karfe yana da kyawawa mai kyau da ƙananan abun ciki na carbon, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin sassan da ke da tasiri wanda ke aiki a cikin kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata;ana amfani da babban carbon don yin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, bearings, igiyoyin tiyata, da dai sauransu;yana da tsarin gauraye mai kashi biyu na austenite da ferrite.Bakin karfe na matrix ne mai duplex bakin karfe, wanda yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga high ƙarfi, mai kyau tauri, da kuma juriya ga intergranular lalata.Daga cikinsu, karfe 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 ana amfani da shi ne musamman wajen kera masu musayar zafi da na'urorin sarrafa zafi a cikin tace mai, taki, takarda, man fetur, sinadarai da sauran masana'antu, kuma ana amfani da 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 wajen kera na'urorin lalata ruwan teku;molybdenum, niobium, gubar, jan karfe da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin lokacin taurare suna sanya su Bayan kashewa da kuma tsufa, yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani dashi galibi don kera maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, wanki, bellows da sauransu.
Karfe na lantarki, wanda kuma aka sani da silicon karfe, ƙarfe ne na baƙin ƙarfe-silicon binaryar gami da abun ciki na carbon ƙasa da 0.05%.Yana da sifofi na ƙananan asarar ƙarfe, ƙaramar ƙarfin tilastawa, babban ƙarfin maganadisu da ƙarfin shigar da maganadisu, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan maganadisu masu taushi da aka saba amfani da su (don gajeriyar lokaci ko maimaita maganadisu).Babban abubuwan da ke shafar aikin ƙarfe na lantarki sune tsarin sinadaran da tsari.Silicon yana da mafi girman tasiri akan abubuwan maganadisu na karfen lantarki.Lokacin da aka ƙara 3.0% Si zuwa ƙarfe mai tsabta, ƙarfin maganadisu ya karu da sau 1.6-2, asarar hysteresis yana raguwa da 40%, ƙarfin juriya yana ƙaruwa sau 4 (wanda zai iya rage asarar eddy na yanzu), da jimlar. an rage asarar baƙin ƙarfe.Ninki biyu, amma taurin da ƙarfi kuma suna ƙaruwa sosai.Yawanci abun ciki na silicon bai wuce 4.5% ba, in ba haka ba yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana da wuyar aiwatarwa.Kasancewar gurɓataccen abu mai cutarwa (N, C, S, O, da dai sauransu) zai haifar da ɓarnawar ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ƙara yawan damuwa, da hana aikin maganadisu, don haka abun ciki na ƙazanta ya kamata a sarrafa shi sosai.
Silicon karfe ana amfani dashi galibi a masana'antar wutar lantarki kamar injina, masu canza wuta, na'urorin lantarki, da kayan lantarki.Yawancin ana birgima cikin 0.3, 0.35, 0.5, gami da mirgina mai zafi da sanyi.sanyi birgima
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-31-2022